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1.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 120(1): e34-e38, feb 2022. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1353770

ABSTRACT

Los xantomas cutáneos reflejan el depósito de lípidos en la piel y pueden ser la única manifestación temprana de dislipidemias de inicio en la infancia. Las características y distribución de los xantomas orientan a la patología de base; los xantomas tuberosos tienen una fuerte asociación con la hipercolesterolemia homocigota familiar, una patología muy infrecuente. Su detección temprana otorga una ventana terapéutica para prevenir la ateroesclerosis acelerada y la mortalidad. Se presenta el caso de una paciente que comenzó a los dos años con xantomas tuberosos, que fueron la clave diagnóstica para identificar la hipercolesterolemia homocigota familiar subyacente.


Cutaneous xanthomas reflect lipid deposition on the skin and may be the only early manifestation of a childhoodonset dyslipidemia. Characteristics and distribution of the xanthomas signalize the underlying pathology, tuberousxanthomas being strongly associated with homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia, an extremely rare condition. Its early detection provides a therapeutic window to prevent accelerated atherosclerosis and mortality. We present the case of a patient who started at two years with tuberous xanthomas, which were the diagnostic clue to identify the underlying homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child, Preschool , Xanthomatosis/diagnosis , Xanthomatosis/etiology , Xanthomatosis/drug therapy , Dyslipidemias , Hypercholesterolemia , Skin , Early Diagnosis
2.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 119(3): e247-e251, Junio 2021. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1248216

ABSTRACT

La reacción a drogas con eosinofilia y síntomas sistémicos es una reacción adversa cutánea rara, potencialmente grave. Puede presentar fiebre, erupción cutánea polimorfa, edema facial y/o linfoadenopatías. La reactivación del virus herpes humano tipo 6 se asocia a un curso más grave y/o prolongado.Un lactante de 22 meses en tratamiento con fenobarbital presentó lesiones eritematopapulares, fiebre, leucocitosis, proteína C reactiva elevada y alteración de pruebas hepáticas. Se realizó biopsia de piel compatible con reacción adversa a drogas. Se trató con corticoides sistémicos e inmunoglobulina intravenosa sin respuesta. La reacción en cadena de la polimerasa para virus herpes humano tipo 6 resultó positiva. Se inició ciclosporina más prednisona, con buena respuesta. Existe poca evidencia del uso de ciclosporina en adultos, cuando los corticoides sistémicos son inefectivos. Este es el primer reporte pediátrico Podría ser una alternativa efectiva o un complemento de los corticosteroides sistémicos cuando no responde a tratamientos convencionales.


Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms is a rare and potentially serious skin adverse reaction, with fever, polymorphous skin rash, facial edema, and/or lymphadenopathy. Reactivation of human herpes virus type 6 has been associated with a more severe and/or prolonged course. A 22-month-old infant under phenobarbital treatment developed erythematous-papular lesions, fever, leukocytosis, elevated C-reactive protein, and abnormal liver tests. The skin biopsy was compatible with an adverse drug reaction. Treatment with systemic corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin had no response. Polymerase chain reaction for human herpesvirus type 6 was positive, and cyclosporine plus prednisone was started with a good response. There is little evidence for the use of cyclosporine in adults when systemic corticosteroids are ineffective. This is the first report of pediatric drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms treated with cyclosporine, which could be an effective alternative or an adjunct to systemic corticosteroid therapy unresponsive to conventional treatments.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant , Herpesvirus 6, Human , Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome/diagnosis , Cyclosporine/therapeutic use , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , Eosinophilia , Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome/complications , Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome/therapy
3.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 148(11)nov. 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1389256

ABSTRACT

Rowell's syndrome is characterized by an association of lupus erythematosus and erythema multiforme, with distinctive laboratory findings. Its treatment is similar to lupus. We report a 16-year-old female presenting with skin lesions, laboratory and histology consistent with this entity. Because of the spread of cutaneous involvement and development of epidermal detachment, she required therapy with intravenous corticosteroids and gamma globulin.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous , Erythema Multiforme , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic , Syndrome , Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous/diagnosis , Erythema Multiforme/diagnosis , Adrenal Cortex Hormones , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/complications , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/drug therapy
4.
Medwave ; 20(10): e8053, 18 nov. 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1145818

ABSTRACT

La alopecia areata es un tipo común de alopecia no cicatricial. Aunque la patogénesis exacta permanece sin dilucidar, se piensa que la alopecia areata tiene una etiología multifactorial en donde se interrelacionan predisposición genética y factores ambientales. En pacientes susceptibles, se han documentado que el estrés, infecciones y microtraumas disminuyen las citoquinas inmunosupresoras que normalmente mantienen el privilegio inmune del folículo piloso. Actualmente no hay terapia curativa para la alopecia areata, aunque ciertos tratamientos pueden inducir el crecimiento del cabello en un porcentaje de pacientes. Se postula que la simvastatina restablece el privilegio inmune y ezetimibe aportaría un efecto inmunomodulador y antiinflamatorio. Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 23 años con alopecia areata, exitosamente tratada con simvastatina y ezetimibe.


Alopecia areata is a common type of non-scarring alo¬pecia. Although the exact pathogenesis remains elusive, alopecia areata is thought to have a multifactorial etiology described as an interplay of genetic predisposition and environmental exposures. In patients with genetic susceptibility, stress, infection, and microtrauma have been documented to decrease immunosuppressive cytokines that generally maintain the hair follicle's immune privilege. There is currently no curative therapy for alopecia areata, although some treatments can induce hair growth in a percentage of patients. It has been postulated that simvastatin reestablishes the immune privilege, and ezetimibe would provide an immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effect. We report a case of a 23 years-old woman with alopecia areata successfully treated with simvastatin/ezetimibe.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Simvastatin/therapeutic use , Alopecia Areata/genetics , Alopecia Areata/drug therapy , Ezetimibe/therapeutic use , Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use , Genetic Predisposition to Disease
5.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 148(7): 915-920, jul. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1139392

ABSTRACT

Background: Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SSJ) and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (NET) are infrequent and life-threatening mucocutaneous diseases, which occur predominantly as adverse drug reactions. Aim: To describe the frequency of SSJ and NET diagnoses at a national level, estimate their incidence and describe their distribution among the different regions of the country. Material and Methods: Analysis of hospital discharge databases available at the website of the Chilean Ministry of Health searching for the tenth version of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD 10) codes for SSJ or NET, between 2001 and 2015. Results: We analyzed 24,521,796 hospital discharges nationwide. SSJ caused 855 discharges, with a lethality of 2%. NET caused 128 discharges with a lethality of 16%. The global cumulative incidence was 3.87 cases per million inhabitants per year nationwide, with a trend line to increase incidence towards the regions of higher latitude. Conclusions: SSJ and NET are dermatological emergencies with high mortality. The increase in incidence towards regions at higher latitudes may suggest an association between these conditions and lower levels of vitamin D, correlated with latitude and exposure to UV radiation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Patient Discharge/statistics & numerical data , Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/epidemiology , Chile/epidemiology , Databases, Factual , Hospital Information Systems
6.
Medwave ; 20(8): e8021, 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1128609

ABSTRACT

Un hombre de 44 años, previamente sano, consultó por poliartralgias asimétricas de características inflamatorias de tres meses de evolución, que comprometió pequeñas y grandes articulaciones. Poco tiempo después desarrolló pústulas periungueales sobre una base eritematosa y degeneración progresiva de la lámina ungueal del pulgar izquierdo, limitando severamente su funcionalidad. Destacó al examen físico la presencia de placas eritemato-escamosas y pustulosas bien delimitadas en el primer y tercer dedo de la mano izquierda con onicodistrofia severa, que fue un aspecto clave para establecer el diagnóstico de acrodermatitis continua de Hallopeau. Adicionalmente, se observaron otros hallazgos del espectro psoriático: parches eritematosos en el escroto, placas eritemato-escamosas con costras hemorrágicas en ambas rodillas y dactilitis. Se confirmó histológicamente el diagnóstico de psoriasis inversa, psoriasis en placas y psoriasis pustular, respectivamente y con los criterios de Classification Criteria for Psoriatic Arthritis, CASPAR, el diagnóstico de artritis psoriática.


A 44-year-old man, previously healthy, consulted for a three-month history of asymmetrical polyarthralgia with inflammatory features involving small and large joints. A few days later, he developed erythema covered by pustules in the nail folds and progressive degeneration of the nail plate of the left thumb, with severe functional limitation. The physical exam showed well-defined erythematous scaly and pustular plaques in the first and third fingers of the left hand, with severe onychodystrophy, which was a key aspect in the diagnosis of acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau. Other signs of the psoriatic spectrum were observed: erythematous patches of the scrotum, erythematous scaly plaques with hemorrhagic crusts on both knees, and dactylitis. The diagnosis of inverse psoriasis, plaque psoriasis, and pustular psoriasis, respectively, were confirmed by histopathology and, with the CASPAR criteria, psoriatic arthritis. This case is of particular dermatological interest due to the variety of psoriatic manifestations recognized in a single patient and because of the poorly described association between acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau with psoriatic arthritis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Psoriasis/diagnosis , Acrodermatitis/diagnosis , Arthritis, Psoriatic/diagnosis , Psoriasis/pathology , Acrodermatitis/pathology , Arthritis, Psoriatic/pathology
7.
Medwave ; 20(1): e7767, 2020.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1087871

ABSTRACT

Elephantiasis nostras verrucosa, a rare manifestation of Kaposi's sarcoma, is a progressive cutaneous hypertrophy caused by chronic non-filarial lymphedema secondary to obstruction of the lymphatic system that can lead to severe disfigurement of parts of the body that have gravity-dependent blood flow, due to edema, fibrosis, and hyperkeratosis, especially lower extremities. Among the various conditions that can induce chronic lymphedema are tumors, trauma, radiotherapy, obesity, hypothyroidism, chronic venous stasis, and AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma. Kaposi's sarcoma is a vascular tumor associated with the presence of human gammaherpesvirus 8 that is predominantly cutaneous, locally aggressive, with metastasis, and is associated with the production of factors that favor inflammation, lymphatic obstruction, and lymphedema.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Sarcoma, Kaposi/complications , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/complications , Elephantiasis/diagnosis , Sarcoma, Kaposi/pathology , Sarcoma, Kaposi/drug therapy , Didanosine/therapeutic use , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/pathology , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/drug therapy , Lamivudine/therapeutic use , Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use , Cyclopropanes , Benzoxazines/therapeutic use , Drug Therapy, Combination , Elephantiasis/etiology , Elephantiasis/pathology , Alkynes
9.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 117(3): 305-308, jun. 2019. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1001208

ABSTRACT

La úlcera vulvar aguda o úlcera de Lipschütz corresponde a una entidad poco frecuente, por lo general, subdiagnosticada. Se caracteriza por la aparición súbita o aguda de lesiones ulcerosas y dolorosas en la vulva, la vagina y/o el periné, sin antecedente de contacto sexual en niñas y adolescentes. Su etiología permanece desconocida en la mayoría de los casos, aunque se ha asociado a agentes infecciosos. Para su estudio, se deben sospechar infecciones de transmisión sexual, reacciones adversas a medicamentos, enfermedades autoinmunes e inmunosupresión. Las lesiones ulcerosas desaparecen espontáneamente, de manera habitual, sin secuelas ni recurrencias a largo plazo. Se presenta el caso de una paciente adolescente de 11 años, sin inicio de actividad sexual ni menarquia y que consultó por un cuadro prodrómico de cuatro días, seguido del desarrollo agudo de úlceras genitales. Se discuten sus causas, presentación clínica, diagnósticos diferenciales y tratamiento.


Acute vulvar ulcer or ulcer of Lipschütz corresponds to a rare disease, being usually underdiagnosed. It is characterized by a sudden or acute development of ulcerous and painful lesions in the vulva, vagina and/or perineum, without a previous history of sexual contact in girls and teenagers. Its etiology remains unknown in most cases, although they have been associated with infectious agents. Their study includes the suspicion of sexually transmitted infections, adverse drug reactions, autoimmune diseases and immunosuppression. The ulcerative lesions disappear spontaneously, usually without sequelae or recurrences in the long term. We present the case of an 11-year-old adolescent patient, without sexual initiation, or menarche and who consulted due to a four-day prodromal condition, followed by the acute development of genital ulcers. Its causes, clinical presentation, differential diagnosis and treatment are discussed.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Adolescent , Ulcer , Vaginal Diseases , Vulvar Diseases , Adolescent
10.
Rev. chil. dermatol ; 35(2): 36-43, 2019. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1103479

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las enfermedades acatólicas son un grupo heterogéneo de enfermedades que presentan como característica central histopatológica la acantosis. Generalmente presentan un curso de evolución crónica y recidivante, con variadas manifestaciones clínicas. OBJETIVO: caracterizar los pacientes con diagnóstico de enfermedad acantolítica, bajo 5 criterios clínicos y realizar una revisión de la literatura. MÉTODOS: Se realizó una revisión de la base de datos del Servicio Anatomía Patológica del Hospital San Borja Arriaran (HSBA) entre los años 2007 y 2017 y se complementaron con los antecedentes clínicos extraídos de las fichas clínicas.RESULTADOS: Se obtuvo un total de 13 casos. el 53,8% correspondieron a enfermedad de Darier, 20,6% a enfermedad de Hailey-Hailey y un 20,6% a enfermedad de Grover, obteniendo un promedio de edad al momento del diagnóstico de 22,5 años, 44,3 años y 47,6 años respectivamente. Los antecedentes familiares estuvieron presentes en el 53,8% del total de pacientes, ninguno de ellos presentaba estudio genético. El 61,5% de la muestra correspondió a pacientes de sexo femenino y el promedio de años de evolución previo al diagnóstico fue de 7,4 años para Darier, 8,6 para Hailey-Hailey y para Grover. El 100% de los pacientes con enfermedad de Darier y Grover estaban con terapia sistémica y el 66,6% de enfermedad de Hailey-Hailey con terapia tópica, todos con adecuada respuesta clínica. DISCUSIÓN y conclusiones: las enfermedades acantolíticas corresponden a genodermatosis poco frecuente cuyo diagnóstico y tratamiento constitu-yen un desafío para el dermatólogo


INTRODUCTION: Atytolic diseases are a heterogeneous group of diseases that present acanthosis as a histopathological central characteristic. They usually present a course of chronic and recurrent evolution, with varied clinical manifestations. OBJECTIVE: to characterize the patients diagnosed with acantholytic disease, with 5 clinical criteria and to carry out a review of the literature. METHODS: A review of the database of the Pathological Anatomy Service of the San Bor-ja Arriaran Hospital (HSBA) between 2007 and 2017 was carried out and complemented with the clinical records extracted from the clinical files. RESULTS: A total of 13 cases were obtained. 53.8% corresponded to Darier's disease, 20.6% to Hailey-Hailey's disease and 20.6% to Grover's disease, obtaining an average age at diagnosis of 22.5 years, 44.3 years and 47.6 years respectively. Family history was present in 53.8% of the to-tal patients, none of them had a genetic study. 61.5% of the sample corresponded to female patients and the average of years of evolution prior to diagnosis was 7.4 years for Darier, 8.6 for Hailey-Hailey and for Grover. 100% of the pa-tients with Darier and Grover's disease were on systemic therapy and 66.6% of Hailey-Hailey's disease with topical therapy, all with adequate clinical response. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: acantholytic diseases correspond to rare genodermatosis whose diagnosis and treatment constitute a challenge for the dermatologist.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Acantholysis/epidemiology , Pemphigus, Benign Familial/epidemiology , Ichthyosis/epidemiology , Darier Disease/epidemiology , Chile , Retrospective Studies , Acantholysis/diagnosis , Pemphigus, Benign Familial/diagnosis , Ichthyosis/diagnosis , Darier Disease/diagnosis
11.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 147(1): 114-118, 2019. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-991381

ABSTRACT

Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms or DRESS Syndrome is a rare, serious and potentially fatal adverse drug reaction. It is characterized by widespread morbilliform and edematous skin lesions, associated with eosinophilia, lymphadenopathy and internal organ involvement and unusually associated with pulmonary symptoms. We report a 47-year-old male with DRESS syndrome, manifested with typical skin lesions and extensive pulmonary involvement, responding satisfactorily to systemic corticosteroids.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Lung Diseases, Interstitial/chemically induced , Lung Diseases, Interstitial/pathology , Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome/pathology , Penicillin G Benzathine/adverse effects , Dipyrone/adverse effects , Treatment Outcome , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Lung Diseases, Interstitial/drug therapy , Antipyretics/adverse effects , Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome/drug therapy , Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects
12.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 34(6): 603-606, dic. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-899766

ABSTRACT

Resumen La infección por VIH puede presentarse con distintas manifestaciones cutáneas, que en algunas ocasiones son consideradas marcadores de infección. Una posible manifestación es la eritrodermia psoriática, que corresponde a una forma generalizada de psoriasis. Presentamos un caso clínico de un hombre joven en que se sospechó una infección por VIH por un cuadro de eritrodermia psoriática confirmada por biopsia, asociado a un sarcoma de Kaposi. Posteriormente, la infección por VIH fue confirmada por serología. Se manejó con terapia antirretroviral, con buena respuesta al mes de tratamiento. La eritrodermia psoriática se puede considerar un marcador cutáneo de infección por VIH cuando ocurre en pacientes previamente sanos o con psoriasis recalcitrante.


HIV infection can be manifested with different skin symptoms, which are sometimes considered infection markers. Erythrodermic psoriasis is a possible manifestation, which is a widespread form of psoriasis. We report a clinical case of a young man suspected of HIV infection due to a psoriatic erythroderma confirmed by biopsies, associated with Kaposi sarcoma. Afterwards, HIV infection was confirmed by serological tests. Antiretroviral therapy was started, with positive response at one month of treatment. Erythrodermic psoriasis can be considered a skin marker of HIV infection when occurs in previously healthy patients or in recalcitrant psoriasis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Psoriasis/virology , HIV Infections/complications , Dermatitis, Exfoliative/virology , Psoriasis/pathology , Skin/pathology , Biopsy , HIV Infections/pathology , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Dermatitis, Exfoliative/pathology , Anti-Retroviral Agents
13.
Rev. chil. dermatol ; 33(2): 43-47, 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-964905

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Las tuberculides tuberculosas (TLTB) se subdividen en verdaderas de etiología atribuible al Mycobacterium tuberculosis y facultativas causadas por múltiples condiciones, entre ellas la tuberculosis. En Chile representan el 75% de las tuberculosis cutáneas en la región metropolitana (RM). Objetivo: caracterizar las TLTB de la RM de acuerdo a epidemiología, clínica, estudio y manejo terapéutico. Material y método: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo del total de TLTB diagnosticadas por biopsia en los servicios de anatomía patológica de 4 hospitales públicos de la RM y un hospital privado de la RM en el quinquenio 2006-2010. Resultados: 83 casos de TLTB, 59% aportados por el sistema público, 84% de los pacientes fueron mujeres, 18% fueron tuberculides verdaderas y 82% tuberculides facultativas. A pesar de ser el tratamiento antituberculoso la elección en las tuberculides verdaderas, sólo se indicó en el 65% de los casos y de estos, 45% realmente lo realizó. Sólo el 4,5% de las tuberculides facultativas de esta serie tuvieron indicación de tratamiento antituberculoso, realizándose en el 100% de los casos. Conclusión: Existe seguimiento insuficiente a través del tiempo en estos pacientes, dificultando dimensionar el éxito real de los tratamientos indicados. Se evidencia una falla en la coordinación al momento de derivar los pacientes al programa de control de la tuberculosis.


Introduction: Tuberculids are subdivided in true tuberculids, which are associated to mycobacterium tuberculosis, and facultative tuberculids which can be caused by several conditions, including tuberculosis. In Chile tuberculids represent 75% of cutaneous tuberculosis in the metropolitan region (MR). Objective: to characterize tuberculids according to epidemiology, clinical, study and therapeutic management. Methods: Descriptive study of the total tuberculids diagnosed by biopsy in the pathology services of 4 public hospitals of the MRI and a private hospital of the MRI in the five-year period 2006- 2010. Results: 83 cases of tuberculids, 59% where provided by the public system, 84% of the patients were women, 18% were true tuberculids and 82% facultative tuberculids. Despite being antitubercular therapy the first line treatment for true tuberculids, this treatment was prescribed in 65% of cases and only 45% of these were actually treated. Only 4.5% of the facultative tuberculids in this series had indication of antitubercular therapy, performed in 100% of cases. Conclusions: There is insufficient follow up in these patients, making it difficult to assess the real success of the treatment. Is evident the lack of coordination when referring patients to the tuberculosis control program.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Tuberculosis, Cutaneous/epidemiology , Tuberculosis, Cutaneous/pathology , Tuberculosis, Cutaneous/drug therapy , Biopsy , Comorbidity , Chile/epidemiology , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Retrospective Studies , Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use
14.
Rev. chil. dermatol ; 32(4): 208-210, 2016. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-948770

ABSTRACT

La hidroxiurea es un agente citostático que inhibe la síntesis de ADN. Se considera el tratamiento de primera línea para algunos trastornos mieloproliferativos, enfermedad de células falciformes, casos severos de psoriasis refractaria y como adyuvante en la terapia de VIH. Se ha informado de que algunos pacientes tratados con hidroxiurea pueden tener úlceras en las extremidades inferiores. Paciente femenino de 67 años de edad con antecedentes de policitemia vera tratada con hidroxiurea durante un año, se deriva a dermatología por presentar úlceras bilaterales en extremidades inferiores. Al examen físico se evidencian dos lesiones ulceradas en la región calcánea. Se realiza una biopsia de piel, y muestra signos no específicos de inflamación. Se decide la interrupción de la hidroxiurea y se inicia la terapia adyuvante con pentoxifilina. Las lesiones se resolvieron en dos meses, dejando una pequeña cicatriz residual. Es importante recordar esta rara complicación inducida por el uso prolongado de la hidroxiurea y, de esta manera, realizar un diagnóstico precoz y tratamiento adecuado, que hasta el momento es básicamente la suspensión de la hidroxiurea.


Hydroxyurea is a cytostatic agent that inhibits DNA synthesis. It is considered the first line treatment for some myeloproliferative disorders, sickle cell disease, severe cases of refractory psoriasis and as adjuvant in VIH therapy. It has been reported that some patients treated with hydroxyurea may have leg ulcers. A 67 year old female patient with a history of polycythemia vera treated with hydroxyurea for a year, is derived to dermatology for presenting bilateral lower extremity ulcers. Physical examination demonstrated two ulcerated lesions in the calcaneal region. A skin biopsy is performed, and it shows non-specific signs of inflammation. Discontinuation of hydroxyurea is decided and initiate adjuvant therapy with pentoxifylline. These ulcerative lesions were resolved within two months, leaving a small residual scar. It is important to remember this rare complication induced by prolonged use of hydroxyurea and thus, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can be made, which so far is basically the suspension of hydroxyurea.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Polycythemia Vera/drug therapy , Skin Ulcer/chemically induced , Drug Eruptions/diagnosis , Hydroxyurea/adverse effects , Antisickling Agents/adverse effects , Physical Examination , Biopsy , Hydroxyurea/therapeutic use , Antisickling Agents/therapeutic use
15.
Rev. chil. dermatol ; 32(3): 162-166, 2016. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-947760

ABSTRACT

La telangiectasia hemorrágica hereditaria (THH) o síndrome Rendu Osler Weber es un trastorno autosómico dominante que lleva a la formación anormal de vasos sanguíneos y se manifiesta como telangiectasias y malformaciones arteriovenosas en piel y órganos internos. Mujer de 72 años con antecedentes de hipertensión arterial, anemia ferropénica e hipertensión pulmonar en tratamiento. Es derivada a dermatología por la presencia durante años de lesiones asintomáticas en cara y manos. Refiere 4 episodios de epistaxis durante su vida y no tiene historia familiar de patologías dermatológicas. Al examen se observan múltiples máculas eritemato-violáceas, con vitropresión positiva, algunas conformadas por telangiectasias, localizadas en la región malar, frente, lengua y ambas palmas. Se excluyó compromiso hepático, pero se encontraron lesiones vasculares en estómago y duodeno. Con estos antecedentes, se confirmó el diagnóstico de THH. La THH es un diagnóstico clínico basado en los criterios de Curaçao: epistaxis, telangiectasias, lesiones viscerales e historia familiar. Desde el punto de vista dermatológico, se presenta con telangiectasias en palmas, dedos, labios y lengua. Aunque la epistaxis u otras presentaciones pueden ser las manifestaciones más incapacitantes o peligrosas, las telangiectasias extranasales pueden ser más importantes para el paciente, llevándolo a consultar a dermatología. Los dermatólogos deben considerar este síndrome, a pesar de su baja incidencia reportada, debido a sus posibles complicaciones. El tratamiento es sólo paliativo, sin consenso sobre la mejor opción de manejo. Es esencial promover un control a largo plazo de la enfermedad.


Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) or Rendu Osler Weber syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder that leads to abnormal blood vessels formation. It manifests as telangiectasias and arteriovenous malformations in the skin and internal organs. A 72-year-old female patient with previous medical history of hypertension, iron deficiency anemia, and pulmonary hypertension in treatment was referred to our clinic due to the presence of asymptomatic acral lesions. She reported only four epistaxis events throughout her life, and had no family history bleeding. Examination showed multiple, blanching, erythematous-violaceous macules. On the malar region, forehead, tongue and palms, some telangiectasias were grouped. No hepatic lesions were found, however, stomach and duodenum vascular malformations were found after workup; prompting the diagnosis of HHT . HHT diagnosis is made clinically based on the Curaçao criteria: epistaxis, telangiectasias, visceral lesions and family history. From a dermatological point of view, it is presented with telangiectases in palms, fingers, lips and tongue. However, epistaxis or other vascular malformations may be life-threatening. Dermatologists should be aware of the existence of HHT, despite its low reported incidence, due to its frequent cutaneous manifestations and potential complications. Treatment is only palliative, with no consensus on the best management option. It is essential to promote long-term control of the disease.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic/diagnosis , Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic/pathology , Syndrome , Diagnosis, Differential
16.
Dermatol. pediátr. latinoam. (En línea) ; 12(1): 31-34, ene.-abr. 2014. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-776143

ABSTRACT

La lipoido proteinosis es una enfermedad rara, que ocurre por un defecto en el gen que codifica la proteína de la matriz extracelular 1 (ECM1). Estogenera un aumento del colágeno tipo IV, que resulta en depósitos de material hialino anómalo en la dermis y otros tejidos. Actualmente no hay terapias curativas y los múltiples tratamientos utilizados han tenido resultados variables y efectos adversos relevantes.La pentoxifilina es un fármaco que inhibe al factor de crecimiento transformante beta (TGF-beta) y así, regula la producción de colágeno por los fibroblastos. Se ha empleado con éxito en casos de fibrosis renal, hepática y pulmonar y luego de la radioterapia. Se presenta este caso que constituye la primera comunicación de lipoidoproteinosis tratada con pentoxifilina, en el que se evidenció una mejoría clínica, ecográfica y laringoscópica.


Lipoid proteinosisis a rare disease, causedby a defect in the gene encoding the extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1), that leads to an increased of collagen type IV, resulting in abnormal deposits of hyaline material in the dermis and other tissues. Currently, there are no curative therapies; several ones have been used with varied results and adverse effects. Pentoxifylline is a drug with inhibitory effect on TGF-beta, thus regulates collagen production by fibroblasts. It has been successfully used in renal, liver and lung transplant and after radiotherapy fibrosis. We present this case because it is the first report of lipoid proteinosis treated with pentoxifylline; with demonstrated clinical, sonographic and laryngoscopic improvement.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Pentoxifylline/therapeutic use , Lipoid Proteinosis of Urbach and Wiethe/diagnosis , Lipoid Proteinosis of Urbach and Wiethe/therapy , Collagen Type IV , Laryngeal Diseases , Larynx , Lip Diseases
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